In his message to Viktor Yushchenko, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, inter alia, criticized the Ukrainian authorities of violating the property rights of Russian investors in Ukraine. By the way similar claims to Ukrainian Prime Minister in April the head of the Russian government has expressed Vladimir Putin. So, the Russian capital feels slighted in Ukraine? Or trying to show that feels ... but given the magnitude of its presence and influence, ignoring the interests of his official Kiev is no longer able.
Ukrainian government, opening the economy to foreign investors, a fundamental error. Like other Eastern European countries, it has not been able to keep a balance between the presence in the country at national, Western and Russian capital. True if the CEE countries have opened wide the door to Western multinational corporations (TNCs), Ukraine is more loyal attitude to the Russian investors.
On the one hand, they are making some positive contribution to the increase of investment activity, GDP growth, increasing revenue and improving employment. With an arch - the hallmark of Russian capital is a high level of politicization, as compared with the capital of other countries. In this regard, the transition of certain sectors of the economy under its control has formed a number of objective risks and challenges for the economic security of the country, of which today we can observe.
Ukraine, as well as all post-Soviet space is a priority for the expansion of Russian capital. This vector is due to both the Kremlin's political objectives, as well as purely economic interests of Russian business in Ukraine.
What started the Russian business in Ukraine: neftyanka, engineering, telecommunications ...
on the territory of Ukraine Russian capital emerged in the mid 1990's, barely able to strong at home. Moreover, some Russian businessmen come to Ukraine without anything, but with constraints and the desire to earn money in the chaotic privatization of those years. In the first phase of this process occurs randomly and haphazardly. Russian investors have had no clear direction and goals, and collected everything that fall under the arm.Only in the last decade, starting a certain subordination of the priorities of the Russian capital, that apparently was related to the establishment of a clear control over the process by the authorities.
First Ukrainian area, which was pronounced the subject of expansion of Russian capital, was the oil industry. In the period 1998-2001. Russian investors to gain control over the three largest Ukrainian oil refineries (refinery) - Lisichansk, Kherson and Odessa. Another - Kremenchug - passed into the ownership of Russian investors have in 1994 By comparison, the total designed capacity of the remaining two domestic refineries is 20 times less than four Russian.
In total, the Russian capital in 2001-2006. supervised more than 90% of design capacity of the Ukrainian oil refining, 85% oil and 70% of the retail market. Only after a change in ownership at the Kherson Kremenchug oil refinery and the proportion of Russian capital in the petroleum refining industry has fallen to 40%. However, given that Ukraine has not diversified the supply of raw material for refineries, dependence on Russian oil is still critical. The dominant role of the Russian capital led to abuses in the market of petroleum products, which are manifested in the monopolization of markets and regular gasoline crisis, of which we are now clearly visible.
addition to the oil industry in 1998-2002. Russian investors have shown an active interest in the Ukrainian media. The fact that the shareholders of the largest companies in this area were the Russian oil TNCs (ie by the time they settled in the Ukraine), shows that there is political subsoil economic expansion during this period. Interest in the media lasted long, and then began to ebb. This is likely to be associated with a general rethinking of Russian information policy in Ukraine. In particular, today the function of the voice of Russian interests are effectively implementing the Ukrainian partners who own the major national media.
in 2001-2004. Ukraine began the expansion of Russian capital a new wave. The interests of Russian business people are displaced in the direction of mechanical engineering, electricity and information technology. Obviously, this is due to the fact that during this period of political factors are beginning to lose its priority effects, but the main motivation for the infiltration of Russians in Ukraine is connected with the creation of transnational integrated production chains, expanding markets, regional and sectoral diversification of business. This is confirmed by the sharp increase of Russian investments in Ukrainian economy, which during this time period grew nearly three times than in the previous ten years.
During this period, Russia's capital is almost entirely consumed the aluminum industry of Ukraine, managed to take root in the mining industry, entered the largest sites of Ukrainian transport engineering, began to harness the country's electricity and gas infrastructure, has acquired a number of strategic assets in the telecommunications field.
Russia in the Orange economy: shipbuilding, MMC, finance ...
new qualitative stage of the Russian expansion began after the Orange Revolution. Yushchenko is trying to show some loyalty to the Kremlin (in the Ukrainian presidential election of 2004 was considered a henchman Kremlin Viktor Yanukovich, and after his scandalous lose the election Ukraine delicately Russia made it clear that sharahatsya of the new government should not be) refused to re-businesses owners who were Russian shareholders, despite the fact that some companies have moved into their property to the flagrant violations of Ukrainian legislation.
in 2005-2009. parallel to the penetration into new niches of the economy is a clear priority vectors of expansion. If the earlier Russian investors tried to consolidate control over the wholearea, it is now - only on large objects. The Russian capital to effectively integrate them into their transnational companies, or use when playing closed cycles of the Soviet period, however, taking into consideration the political authorities to request that through control of strategic points of the economy is able to pursue their interests. Click to continue »